Project
A project is a temporary endeavour involving a connected sequence of activities and a range of resources, which is designed to achieve a specific and unique outcome and which operates within time, cost and quality constraints and which is often used to introduce change.
Characteristic of a project
· A unique, one-time operational activity or effort
· Requires the completion of a large number of interrelated activities
· Established to achieve specific objective
· Resources, such as time and/or money, are limited
· Typically has its own management structure
· Need leadership
Examples
constructing houses, factories, shopping malls, athletic stadiums or arenas
· developing military weapons systems, aircrafts, new ships
· launching satellite systems
· constructing oil pipelines
· developing and implementing new computer systems
· planning concert, football games, or basketball tournaments
· introducing new products into market
What is project management
The application of a collection of tools and techniques to direct the use of diverse resources towards the accomplishment of a unique, complex, one time task within time, cost and quality constraints.
· Its origins lie in World War II, when the military authorities used the techniques of operational research to plan the optimum use of resources.
· One of these techniques was the use of networks to represent a system of related activities
Project Management Process
· Project planning
· Project scheduling
· Project control
· Project team
Ø made up of individuals from various areas and departments within a company
· Matrix organization
Ø a team structure with members from functional areas, depending on skills required
· Project Manager
Ø most important member of project team
· Scope statement
Ø a document that provides an understanding, justification, and expected result of a project
· Statement of work
Ø written description of objectives of a project
· Organizational Breakdown Structure
Ø a chart that shows which organizational units are responsible for work items
· Responsibility Assignment Matrix
Ø shows who is responsible for work in a project
Work breakdown structure
· A method of breaking down a project into individual elements ( components, subcomponents, activities and tasks) in a hierarchical structure which can be scheduled and cost
· It defines tasks that can be completed independently of other tasks, facilitating resource allocation, assignment of responsibilities and measurement and control of the project
· It is foundation of project planning
· It is developed before identification of dependencies and estimation of activity durations
· It can be used to identity the tasks in the CPM and PERT
Work Breakdown Structure for Computer Order Processing System Project
Project Planning
· Resource Availability and/or Limits
- Due date, late penalties, early completion incentives
- Budget
· Activity Information
- Identify all required activities
- Estimate the resources required (time) to complete each activity
- Immediate predecessor(s) to each activity needed to create interrelationships
Project Scheduling and Control Techniques
- Gantt Chart
- Critical Path Method (CPM)
- Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
Darla, S.P., Project Management - CPM/PERT
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